High electricity and water costs are determinants of the Cabo Verdean economy’s poor competitiveness. Besides the inefficient electricity sector, the cost of these two production factors is mainly due to the high cost of fossil fuel imports, which is aggravated by the market’s smallness and fragmentation. Joint import by the two operators working in the fuel industry did not change this situation structurally, so the cost of electricity continues to be one of the highest in the world and the ship and aircraft supply sector (bunkering) is not competitive compared to our closest competitors, despite Cabo Verde’s geostrategic situation.