A structural challenge that Cape Verde has always had to grapple with is unemployment. The growth over the last decade led to growth in employment with sizeable number of jobs created in the tourism sector as well as construction and real estate. However, job creation in recent years, especially since the 2008 global downturn began, has been very anemic. Unemployment rate is on the increase. In the meantime, the labor force is increasing steadily while the number of jobs created is not keeping up with demand.